Suchergebnisse

The article describes the current challenges related to the planning in the coastal areas emphasizing the chaos and anarchy existing nowadays in those areas where the 6.043 law on marine-coastal zone applies. The strategy of national regulation with requirements of quality and sustainability as well as the relationships at regional and local levels is structured. In the national planning, it focuses on the importance of the effects of binding guidelines among different levels in the fulfillment of the National Plan of Sustainable Tourism 2002-2012, making special emphasis on the arguments that justify the process of carrying out integral regulation plans in each of the development centers inside the tourism units. Finally, it mentions the functionality of the coastal forest to guarantee tourist landscapes for the future and the current problematic in determining those borders by the Government. ; Se describe los desafíos actuales de la planificación en la zona costera haciendo énfasis en el caos y la anarquía exis-tentes en los litorales a pesar de la existencia de la ley 6.043 sobre la zona marítimo-terrestre. Además, se estructura la estrategia de ordenamiento nacional con requerimientos de calidad y sostenibilidad tanto como sus relaciones con el nivel regional y local. En la planeación nacional se llama la atención sobre la importancia de la consecuencia de lineamientos vinculantes entre niveles para el cumplimien-to del Plan Nacional de Turismo Sostenible 2002-2012 pun-tualizando en los argumentos que justifican la elaboración de planes reguladores integrales por centros de desarrollo. Finalmente, se menciona la funcionalidad del bosque coste-ro del estado para garantizar paisajes turísticos del futuro y la problemática actual de determinación de esos límites por la autoridad de los recursos naturales.

A continuación vamos a proceder a realizar una revisión crítica de las principales teorías que tratan de explicar las causas de los movimientos migratorios. Entre ellas hay algunas proposiciones teóricas que ponen el énfasis en lo económico, mientras que otras buscan explicación en fenómenos sociales y culturales. Se puede decir que todas ellas tienen algo de cierto, por lo que resulta esencial para los investigadores de la migración el conocerlas todas y saber sus diferencias. In the following pages we will conduct a critical review of the main theories that attempt to explain the causes of migration. Among them, there are some theoretical propositions that emphasise economic factors, while others seek explanation in social and cultural phenomena. All of them have some truth, so it may be useful for migration researchers to know them.

This thesis is framed in the field of industrial and municipal wastewater treatment. Increasingly strict legislations lead to the need of developing compact and efficient systems for the removal of both organic matter and nutrients. Membrane technology has expanded at a remarkable rate over the pass twenty years, and nowadays enhances a multi-billion dollar industry. The present work has been focused on the treatment of both urban and industrial wastewaters with different aerobic and anaerobic technologies, all of them combined with submerged membranes. Thus, tertiary membrane filtration of secondary effluents from two sequencial batch reactors with flocculent and granular biomass were firstly studied. Then, the operation of a combined system integrated by an anaerobic UASB reactor with an aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) and the feasibility of denitrification with the dissolved methane present in the effluent of the UASB were studied. Finally, the operation of an anaerobic MBR treating industrial wastewater was assessed. Especial attention was paid to the study of membrane fouling in all the operating systems.